Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti: How 1 Woman Powerfully Rewrote History

Introduction

What comes to mind when you hear the name Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti?

We’ve all heard of brave women—those who stood tall in the face of opposition and wouldn’t stop until their voices were heard. This is the story of one such woman, a pivotal figure in history. You might think, It’s not International Women’s Day, but shouldn’t celebrating strong women be an everyday affair?

Produced by Bolanle Austen-Peters, a recent film captures the life and legacy of the phenomenal Chief Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, MON, a visionary activist and mother of the world-renowned musician Fela Kuti. The movie, based on real events that occurred in Abeokuta from 1900 to 1955, brings to life the richness of Yoruba culture and tradition through exceptional music, theater, and expert storytelling.

Spoiler alert: If you haven’t watched the movie, note that this article contains some in-depth insights. But if you don’t mind a sneak peek, read on!

Early Life of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti

Frances Olufunmilayo Thomas (later known as Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti) was born on October 25, 1900, into a family of strong values. Her father, a son of freed slaves who returned to the Egba region, was an educated palm agriculturist, laying the foundation for Funmilayo’s ambitions. Known for her academic brilliance, Funmilayo topped her class twelve consecutive times, fueled by her father’s encouragement. Rather than follow her mother into seamstressing, her father urged her to continue her studies, recognizing her desire for more.

Funmilayo became the first female student at Abeokuta Grammar School, a trailblazing achievement at the time. During her studies, she met Israel Ransome-Kuti, who would later play a significant role in her life. After graduating, she went to England for further studies, returning home to become an educator and community advocate.

Rising as a Leader and Activist

Upon her return, Funmilayo established herself as a preschool teacher, educating children from local families who couldn’t afford school fees or didn’t see the value of education. She often went to the markets, encouraging parents to send their children to school. During one of these visits, she witnessed the mistreatment of women and the wrongful seizure of their goods, which set her on the path to activism.

The issue stemmed from excessive taxation imposed by the Alake, the king, on the local women. Funmilayo tried to negotiate on their behalf, meeting with a colonial district officer who dismissed her efforts, labeling her as “just a kindergarten teacher.” But Funmilayo was undeterred. She recognized that the lack of female representation in the council was allowing the oppression to continue unchecked. Inspired to make a change, she began uniting the Egba women.

Founding the Abeokuta Women’s Union

Funmilayo’s commitment led to the formation of the Abeokuta Ladies Club, which initially comprised elite women dedicated to uplifting their community. They hosted educational classes, organized events, and provided valuable skills training. However, the Alake continued to impose severe taxes, which only emboldened Funmilayo’s resolve.

Realizing she needed broader support, Funmilayo proposed transforming the Ladies Club into the Abeokuta Women’s Union to better represent the interests of market women. Despite initial resistance, she persevered. Encouraged by her husband, Israel, and her sister-in-law, Mrs. Soyinka, Funmilayo rallied the women of the market.

The Legendary Protest

In 1945, following World War II, the British Empire increased tax demands on its colonies, including Nigeria, to recover war expenses. This intensified the oppression of the Egba women. Funmilayo and the Abeokuta Women’s Union organized protests, eventually closing down the market and marching to the Alake’s courtyard.

The protest gained momentum, drawing support from women across neighboring regions. When tensions escalated, the Alake attempted to silence the women by releasing the Ogboni and Oro masquerades—figures that traditionally intimidated women into submission. In a bold counter-move, the women bared their chests, a symbolic act that deeply shamed the men, forcing them to retreat.

The women’s resilience drew the attention of the Governor-General, and their relentless protest ultimately compelled the Alake to meet their demands. The Egba women had achieved a groundbreaking victory, and Funmilayo emerged as a symbol of courage and change. Yet, her victory was bittersweet, as she soon learned of her husband’s declining health.

Legacy and Modern Influence: Why Funmilayo’s Story Matters Today

Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti’s life is a guide for Nigerians today, especially the Yoruba people, as we continue to push for justice, pride, and unity in our communities. Her story shows us that change is possible when people stand together, educate each other, and honor their culture.

Fighting for Women’s Rights and Representation

Funmilayo’s tireless fight to amplify women’s voices laid the groundwork for the progress we see today. In a country where many women still struggle to get fair treatment, her legacy inspires Yoruba women and others across Nigeria to keep pushing for equal representation. Groups like the Nigerian Women Trust Fund and Women in Management, Business, and Public Service (WIMBIZ) continue her work, helping women lead in government and business. Funmilayo’s courage reminds us that, no matter the obstacles, women deserve a voice in shaping their communities.

Standing Up Against Unfair Treatment

When Funmilayo spoke out against unfair taxes and oppression, she was taking a stand for everyone affected by injustice. Today, Nigerians still face challenges that often seem overwhelming—issues like political corruption, economic hardship, and unfair practices. We see her spirit alive in modern movements, like the #EndSARS protests, where people have united to demand fair treatment. Funmilayo’s strength shows the Yoruba people, and all Nigerians, that we don’t have to accept injustice; we can stand together and push for change.

Believing in Education and Empowerment

Funmilayo believed that education could change lives, and she worked hard to teach and empower others. This passion continues to resonate in Nigeria, where many organizations work to provide education for young girls and underprivileged communities. Funmilayo’s legacy encourages today’s Yoruba people to value education and community upliftment, knowing it leads to a brighter future. Her life shows us that empowering others through knowledge builds stronger communities.

Celebrating Yoruba Culture and African Identity

Funmilayo’s pride in Yoruba culture and African heritage stands as a powerful example for present-day Yorubas. At a time when many felt pressured to abandon their roots, she held on to her traditions, inspiring others to do the same. Today, we see a renewed interest in Yoruba traditions, language, and art. Funmilayo’s legacy reminds us that embracing our heritage isn’t just about the past; it’s about strengthening our identity and unity for the future. By honoring our roots, Yoruba people can continue to inspire pride and respect in generations to come.

A Guide for Today’s World

Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti’s story teaches us that standing up for what’s right, educating others, and celebrating our culture are powerful ways to create lasting change. In today’s Nigeria, her legacy lives on, reminding Yoruba people and all Nigerians that each step we take to improve our community truly matters. Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti remains a shining example of the strength and spirit we need to build a better world.

Conclusion

Chief Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti exemplified the qualities of a true rights activist. She empathized deeply with the struggles of others, even when she wasn’t directly affected. Her fearless stance against injustice and her unwavering dedication to women’s rights are a legacy that resonates to this day.

We need more women like Funmilayo—“troublesome” in all the best ways. As her story reminds us, understanding our Yoruba and African heritage is vital to recognizing the strength and resilience that shape our present.